Head & Neck Cancer
The Truth about Head & Neck Cancer
- Head and neck cancer refers to malignant growth in the esophagous, larynx and neck, including ear, neck, and nose. Certain location may be difficult to observe, such as oral cavity cancer, and ear cancer. In thyroid cancer or salivary gland cancer, abnormal enlargement may be easily noticeable.
- Diagnosing cancer is not difficult, however, a level of expertise and special technique be be required when the tumor is hidden in cavities, such as nasal cancer, nasalpharyngeal cancer, or laryngeal cancer.
Risk Factors
- Cigarette smoking, whether first hand or second hand smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Chewing betel nut and tobacco in the older generation can also lead to head & neck cancer, but it is less popular nowadays.
- Heredity may also play a role.
Symptoms
- Nasalpharangeal symptoms, such as chronic sinusitus that exacerbates over time, especially in one particular side; foul nasal smell, or bloody phlegm that lasts several days
- Tinnitus or ringing in one ear, particularly when there is no sign of the flu or sinus symptoms. It may be accompanied by radiating pain when swallowing.
- Progressive hoarseness without signs of respiratory infections, or strains on vocal chords (such as shouting). Symptoms may include difficulty breathing as well as chocking when swallowing.
- Pain when swallowing food, especially when it radiates to the ears. Prolonged soar throat without cause.
- Gradual enlargement in the neck area without any pain.
Diagnosis
- Fiberoptic laryngoscope can be inserted into the upper gastrointestinal tract. Its high definition system along with narrowband imaging (NBI) can identify any abnormality in the blood vessels and mucosal layer that may be indicative of precancerous lesions.
- Normally, head & neck cancer patients tend to seek medical attention when the disease has advanced, thereby complicating treatment and the results may not be optimal. Only 1 in 3 patients seek medical consultation in the early stages. Thus, early diagnosis as soon as any of the above symptoms occurs can help prevent the spread of cancer and can yield better outcome.